dheu-b-, dheu-p-

    dheu-b-, dheu-p-

    English meaning: deep, *black, bottom, dark waters

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “tief, hohl”

    Note: The shift gʷ- > -b- , kʷ- > -p- is a common Gk. phonetic mutation hence all other IE tongues borrowed Root dheu-b-, dheu-p- : “deep, dark” from respectively Proto-Illyr. Gk. dheu-gʷ-, dheu-kʷ-. But Proto-Illyr. Gk. dheu-gʷ-, dheu-kʷ- is an extenstion of an older root. After Jokl (Eberts RL. 13, 286 f.) here Thrac. PN Δόβηρος (*dhubēr-), Δέβρη (*dheubrü) it seems that Baltic languages derived the concept of “deep” from Illyr. “black, dark”, hence from Root dheu-4, dheu̯ǝ- (presumably: dhu̯ē-, compare the extension dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s-): “to reel, dissipate, blow, *smoke, dark, gray, deep etc.” derived Root dheu-b-, dheu-p- : “deep, *dark”.

    Material: forms in -b: Gk. βυθός, Ion. βυσσός m. “depth (of the sea)”, probably reconverted from *dhub-; maybe Alb. (*byssa-h), bytha “buttocks, backside hole” : Gk. βυθός, Ion. βυσσός m. “depth (of the sea)” [common Alb. -s- > -th- phonetic mutation] the same formation as Pol. dupa “buttocks, backside hole”, Ser.-Cr. dȕpe, gen. -eta “ buttocks “. after Jokl (Eberts RL. 13, 286 f.) here Thrac. PN Δόβηρος (*dhubēr-), Δέβρη (*dheubrü); Also Alb. PN Dibra Illyr. δύβρις θάλασσα (Kretschmer Gl. 22, 216), also in Alb.Tosk FlN Tubra, Drove etc (Pokorny Urillyrier 99); O.Ir. domain, fu-dumain, Welsh dwfn, Corn. down, Bret. doun (i.e. dun) “deep (*dhubni-), Gaul. dubno-, dumno- “world” (Dubno-rīx eig. “ world king”), O.Ir. domun ds., O.Welsh annwf(y)n, Welsh annwn “ God’s kingdom and the underworld “ (*an-duƀno- eig. “ underworld, outside world “ as O.Ice. ūt-garðr); s. also under S. 268 Slav. *dъbno; maybe Alb. (*diep) djep “(*deep) cradle, hollowed wood” : Pol. dziupɫo n., dziupla f. “ tree hole “. Goth. diups, O.Ice. diūpr, O.E. dēop, O.S. diop, O.H.G. tiof “deep”; Goth. daupjan, O.E. dīepan, O.S. dōpian, O.H.G. toufen “ baptize “ (eig. “dive”), O.Ice. deypa “dive”; with -pp-: Nor. duppa “dive” and j-formation, O.E. dyppan “dive; baptize”, N.Ger. dũppen, O.H.G. tupfen “bathe, wash”; with gemin. spirant faer. duffa ‘swing” (from barge); with gemin. voiced-nonaspirated Nor. dubba “ bend down “, dobbe “ marshy land” (compare Wissmann nom. postverb. 170, 186); nasalized Nor. dump m. “dent in the earth”, Dan. dial. dump “cavity, lowland, depression”, Eng. dump “ deep hole full with water “, O.H.G. tum(p)filo “whirlpool”, M.H.G. tũmpfel, Ger. (from N.Ger.) Tũmpel “ deep place in the flowing or standing water; puddle “, Eng. dimple “ cheek dimple “, Dutch domp(el)en “dive, sink”; Lith. dubùs “deep, hollow”, in addition FlN Dùbė, Dubingà and Dubūsa (= Welsh FlN Dyfi from *Dubīsü, Pokorny Urillyrier 46 f.), dùgnas “bottom” (probably because of Ltv. dibens from *dùbnas = Slav. *dъbno, Gaul. dubno-; s. die Lith. by Berneker 245 f.); also the FlN wRuss. Dubna (= Ltv. Dybnòja) “the deep river” and die O.Pruss. PN Dum(p)nis, Dubna show still bn; dumbù, dùbti “ become hollow, sink in “, daubà, dauburỹs “gorge, ravine, gulch”, dúobti “hollow out”, duobė̃ “cave” (Ltv. duôbs, duôbjš “deep, hollow”, dùobe “pit, pothole, grave” with uo from ōu?), dubuõ, -eñs “ basin “, duburỹs, dūburỹ s, dubur̃kis “ pit full of water, hole, pool “, nasal. dumburỹs “ deep hole full with water “, dum̃blas ‘slime, mud, morass” (yet see above S. 261); Ltv. dubęns (besides dibęns) “ground, bottom” (compare Mũhlenbach-Endzelin I 465 under 509), dubt “ become hollow, sink in “, dubl”i pl. m. “ordure, morass”; O.Pruss. padaubis “valley” and daubo f. “ground” (compare above S. 249); O.Bulg. dъbrь (and out of it dъbrъ) “φάραγξ, gorge, ravine, gulch” (: Ltv. dubra “puddle, slop”); Church Slavic dъno (*dъbno) “ground, bottom”; about den FlN pomerell. Dbra s. S. 264. forms in -p: O.H.G. tobal, M.H.G. tobel “narrow valley”, Ger. Tobel; O.S. dūva probably st. V. “dive”, O.Ice. dūfa “press downwards”, dȳfa, deyfa “dive”, O.E. dīefan, dūfan ds., Eng. dive, M.L.G. bedūven “ flooded, be coated “, bedoven “ sunk down “; Slav. *dupa f. in Sloven. dúpa “ burrow “, Cz. doupa “hole”, O.Bulg. dupina “cave”, mbg. R.C.S. dupl”ь “hollow, light”, Russ. dupɫó n. “cavity in tree truck”, Ser.-Cr. dȕpe, gen. -eta “ buttocks “, dúplja “ tree hollow “, old dupan “cave” etc; ablaut. Pol. dziupɫo n., dziupla f. “ tree hole “ etc

    Note: From Slav. languages Root dheu-b-, dheu-p- : “deep, *dark, bottom” passed to Altaic languages: Protoform: *tū́ p”e ( ˜ *ti̯ūp”i, *č-)

    English meaning: bottom Turkic protoform: *dǖp Mongolian protoform: *dow-

    Note: A Turk.-Mong. isoglO.S.S. The relationship to TM *dō- “to sit down (of birds)”, suggested in ТМС 1, 211, is unclear; if it exists, we may be dealing here with an archaic case of *-p”-suffixatIon. from here as *dheu-g-: Gmc. *dū̆ -k-, *du-kk- “tauchen = dive, sich ducken = crouch”?

    References: WP. I 847 f., WH. I 565, 867, Trautmann 45 f.